Volume Two

Volume Two, Chapters 41 to 80 – 1,600 Pages

The Science and Technology of Traditional and Modern Roofing Systems

by: Dr. H. Laaly

We provide several formats for the Table Of Contents for aiding searching or download speed. An "Expanded TOC" lists the chapter contents. Each chapter can have up to 31 Sections, and a Section can have up to 30 Sub-Sections.
<
01   02   03   04   05   06   07   08   09   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20
21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40
41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55   56   57   58   59   60
61   62   63   64   65   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80


Purchase chapters to read now by clicking on the chapter name.
The PDF file be stored on your computer for reading today, and anytime in the future. Requires Adobe Acrobat to read chapter file.  

Expanded Table of Contents

VOLUME TWO, CHAPTERS 41 TO 80 - 1,600 PAGES

41) Roof Accessories and Componentsp. 33
Introductionp. 1
prefabricated Roof Accessoriesp. 1
penetrationsp. 1
Cant Stripsp. 1
Cooling Systems - Roofp. 1
Access - Roof Laddersp. 1
Closures - Edge And Ridgep. 2
Copingp. 1
Cupolasp. 1
Curbsp. 1
Drains & Strainersp. 1
Drip Edgesp. 1
Equipment Stands, Mounting (HVAC)p. 1
Curb Criteria for Roof Mounted Equipmentp. 1
Stand Mounting Criteriap. 1
Unit Installationp. 1
Expansion Jointsp. 1
Fans - Exhaust And Smoke Extractp. 1
Fasciap. 1
Flashingsp. 1
Gravel Stopsp. 1
Gutters & Down Spoutsp. 1
Guy Wire Supports - Fall Arrest Safety Roof Anchorsp. 2
Hatches & Scuttlesp. 1
Lightning Protection Systemsp. 4
paversp. 1
pipe Supportsp. 1
pitch Pocketsp. 2
Scuppersp. 1
Skylightsp. 1
Valleysp. 1
Ventsp. 1
Walkways & Traffic/Protection Boardsp. 1
Accessory Manufacturers and Suppliersp. 9
References And Further Readingp. 1
42) Awningsp. 6
Introductionp. 1
Materialsp. 1
protectiive Functionsp. 1
Codesp. 1
Applicationp. 2
Characteristicsp. 1
Advantagesp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 1
Awning Manufacturers and Suppliersp. 1
43) Roof Drainage Systemsp. 19
Introductionp. 1
Why drain the roof?p. 2
Roof Drainsp. 1
Compositionp. 1
Installation Guidelinesp. 1
Sizing and Location of Drainsp. 1
Hydrostatic Pressurep. 1
Further Considerationsp. 3
Designp. 1
Allowing for Deflectionp. 2
Drain Codesp. 1
Drain Guardsp. 1
Splash Blocksp. 1
Dry Wellsp. 6
References And Further Readingp. 1
44) Expansion Joints and Building Movementp. 19
Introductionp. 1
Stress-Strain Loadingp. 4
Expansion Jointsp. 1
Joints In Conventional And Modern Roofing Systemsp. 1
Membrane Control Jointsp. 1
Unbonded Membranep. 1
Roof Expansion Jointp. 1
Roof Dividersp. 1
Recent Studies On Expansion Joints - An Overviewp. 2
Application Of Expansion Jointsp. 1
Expansion Joint Cover Assembliesp. 4
References And Further Readingp. 2
45) Flashings and Counterflashingsp. 21
Introductionp. 1
Types Of Flashingp. 1
Base Flashingp. 1
Chimney Flashingp. 1
Conical-Style Flashingp. 1
Coping or Cap Flashingp. 1
Counterflashingp. 1
Eaves Flashingp. 1
Fascia Flashingp. 1
Gable Rake Flashingp. 1
Gravel Stopsp. 1
Step Flashing or Shingle Flashingp. 1
Through-Wall Flashingp. 1
Valley Flashingp. 1
Sheet Metal for Flashingsp. 1
General Considerationsp. 2
perimeter Flashing and Scuppersp. 2
penetration, Projection and Equipment Stand Flashingp. 2
Expansion Jointsp. 1
Flashing The Built-Up And Modified Bitumen Roofing Systemsp. 1
BUR Base Flashingsp. 1
Compatibilityp. 1
Expansion Joints for BUR Systemsp. 1
Flashing The Single-Ply Membrane Systemp. 1
Single-Ply Membrane Base Flashingp. 1
Single-Ply Copingsp. 1
Flashing The Sheet Metal And Standing Seam Roofing Systemsp. 1
Summary/Conclusionsp. 2
Manufacturer's Bindersp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 2
46) Skylights and Roof Windowsp. 38
Introductionp. 1
A Few Disadvantagesp. 1
Energy Efficiencyp. 1
Statisticsp. 1
Compositionp. 1
Basic Mounting Typesp. 2
Basic Glazing Typesp. 1
Basic Functional Typesp. 1
Appearancep. 1
Shadingp. 2
Framing (Or Curb) Materialsp. 1
Installationp. 1
Flashingsp. 1
Galvanic Actionp. 1
Fastenersp. 1
Engineeringp. 1
Expansion jointsp. 2
Guttersp. 1
Sealantsp. 1
Light Wellsp. 4
Noise Reductionp. 1
pre-Installation Testing and Warrantiesp. 1
Certificationp. 7
Standardsp. 1
Lead Timesp. 1
Installing A Skylight In Residential Structuresp. 3
Cutting the Roof Openingp. 8
Specialized Productsp. 1
Skylight Manufacturers And Suppliersp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 3
47) Roof Ventsp. 16
Introductionp. 1
Vent Typesp. 1
Net Free Areap. 1
Blister Vents - Compact roofsp. 2
Breather or Stack Vents - Compact roofsp. 1
Eave or Soffit Vents - Framed roofsp. 1
Gable-End Vents - Framed roofsp. 1
Insulated Vents - Compact roofsp. 1
One-Way Ventsp. 1
passive or Static Ventsp. 1
powered Ventsp. 1
Ridge Vents - Framed roofsp. 1
Roof Vents - Framed roofsp. 1
Safety Vents - Compact roofsp. 1
Solar Vents - Framed and compact roofsp. 1
Two-Way Ventsp. 1
Verge or Rake Vents - Framed roofp. 1
Wicks Used for Drying Out Insulationp. 1
Vent Flashingp. 3
Explosion Relief Ventsp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 2
48) Aggregates, Granules and Protective Layersp. 34
Introductionp. 1
Gravelp. 4
Gravel for Built-Up Roofing Surfacingp. 1
Gravel for Ballast in Loosely-Laid Single Plyp. 1
Gravel Applicationp. 1
Mineral Granules For Roll Roofing, Asphalt Shingles And Cold-Applied Liquid Membranes And Coatingsp. 1
The History of Roofing Granulesp. 3
Elimination of Segregation in Roofing Granulesp. 1
Granule Surfacing Weight-In the Production of Asphalt Roofing Shinglesp. 1
Embedding of Surface Granulesp. 1
Particle Sizep. 2
Paversp. 1
Ease of Maintenancep. 1
Weight Divisionsp. 1
Paver Applicationp. 1
Paver Application Safety and Other Considerationsp. 2
Walkwaysp. 3
Walkway Pad Applicationp. 1
Raised Metal Walkway Applicationp. 1
Studies On Protective Layers In Roofing - An Overviewp. 3
Manufacturers/Suppliers Of Aggregate Granules And Gravelsp. 1
Manufacturers/Suppliers Of Walkway Pads, Protection Boards, And Elevated Walkway Systemsp. 1
Manufacturers/Suppliers Of Ballast Paversp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 1
Aggregatesp. 1
Paversp. 1
Walkwaysp. 1
49) Moisture and RoofingP. 25
IntroductionP. 1
What is Condensation?P. 1
Sources Of MoistureP. 3
"Breathable" Single-Ply MembranesP. 1
PrecipitationP. 1
Movement Of MoistureP. 1
Vapor Transmission, Diffusion and PressureP. 2
Loft ConversionP. 1
Capillary ActionP. 1
Effects Of MoistureP. 1
Moisture and TemperatureP. 1
Moisture's Effect on InsulationP. 2
Moisture and Thermal ResistanceP. 2
Moisture's Effect on Roofing MembranesP. 3
Control Of MoistureP. 1
Vapor RetardersP. 1
Removal of MoistureP. 3
References And Further ReadingP. 6
50) Moisture Measurement in the FieldP. 16
IntroductionP. 1
Moisture Measurement TechniquesP. 1
Moisture SurveysP. 1
Measurement Of MoistureP. 1
Non-Destructive Moisture Measurement TechniquesP. 1
Destructive Moisture Measurement TechniquesP. 1
Principles Of Roof Moisture Survey DevicesP. 6
New Field Moisture Detector for EPDM RoofsP. 1
Aerial ThermographyP. 1
Capacitance Roof Monitoring SystemsP. 1
Further Information on Nuclear MetersP. 1
NoteP. 1
Moisture Detection Equipment Manufacturers and SuppliersP. 1
Moisture Measuring Equipment Manufacturers and SuppliersP. 1
Moisture Measurement Inspection ServicesP. 1
References And Further ReadingP. 3
51) Moisture Measurement in the Laboratoryp. 18
Introductionp. 1
Moisture Formsp. 1
Moisture And Its Effects On Materialsp. 1
Qualitative Testing Methodsp. 2
Quantitative Testingp. 2
Quantitative Measurement Methodsp. 1
Infrared Measurementp. 1
Suction Measurementp. 3
Measuring Moisture In Woodp. 2
Gravitimetric Measurementp. 1
Fischer Titrationp. 1
Calcium Carbide Pressurep. 2
Laboratory Equipoment Manufacturers And Suppliersp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 1
52) Ice & Snow Effects on Roofingp. 46
Introductionp. 1
Deposition of Snowp. 1
Problems of Measuring and Evaluating Snow Coverp. 1
Snow Coverp. 1
Convective Snowfallp. 1
Snow Transportp. 1
Snow Densityp. 1
Snow Load Considerations On Roofsp. 3
Ground snow loadp. 1
Roof snow loadp. 1
Full and partial loadingp. 1
Snow load coefficientsp. 1
Roofs exposed to windp. 1
Rain loadsp. 1
Basic Snow Load Coefficients and Modifications to the Coefficientsp. 4
Sliding Snow On Sloping Roofsp. 1
The Mechanics of Sliding Snowp. 1
Obstructions to Sliding Snow and Design Considerationsp. 1
Hazardous Area Below Sloping Roofsp. 1
Lateral Forces on Snow Fences and Other Obstructionsp. 1
Problems due to Ice and Meltwater from Retained Snowp. 1
Snowloading and Designp. 1
Properties Of Icep. 1
Ice Dams on Sloping Roofs of Residential Structuresp. 1
The "Cold Roof"p. 2
"Cold Roof" or "Uniform Roof?"p. 1
Effect Of Freezing And Thawing (Freeze/Thaw Cycles) Of Ice On Roofing Membranesp. 1
Design for Frost Durabilityp. 1
Membrane splittingp. 2
Recent Studies On Ice And Freeze/Thaw Cycling - An Overviewp. 1
Ice Lens Formationp. 2
Freezing/Thaw Cycle Effects on Roofingp. 4
Temperature Of Bituminous Roofing Membrane And Its Relation To Ambient Conditionsp. 10
References And Further Readingp. 7
53) Fire and Roofsp. 45
Introductionp. 1
Fire Terminologyp. 1
Chemistryp. 3
Smoke Evolutionp. 2
Fire Considerations In Roof Designp. 1
Computers In Fire Sciencep. 1
Fire Codes, Standards And Testingp. 1
Roofs and Firep. 3
Combustible And Non-Combustible Roof Decksp. 1
Fire Ratings And Built-Up Roofing (Bur)p. 2
Fire Ratings And Single Pliesp. 1
Fire from without (exterior)p. 1
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.-UL 790, ASTM E-108p. 2
Intermittent-flame testp. 1
Burning brand testp. 1
Spread of flame testp. 2
Factory Mutual Research and Engineeringp. 1
The Calorimeter Testp. 1
GM Fire in Livonia, Michigan - 1953p. 2
Warnock Hersey Labsp. 1
Conducted Fire Tests And Other Relevant Informationp. 7
International Fire Rating Standardsp. 1
British Standard BS 476 - Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures:p. 1
Fire Note No. 4, London, HMSO 1970p. 1
Deutche Industrie Normen (DIN) - (German Industrial Standard)p. 1
Fire Retardant Treated (Frt) Productsp. 1
Corrosionp. 1
Structural deteriorationp. 2
Inspectionp. 1
Fire Retardant And Fire Resistant Productsp. 3
References And Further Readingp. 6
54) Wind Effects on Roofingp. 49
Introductionp. 1
Effect of Wind on Roofsp. 2
Wind Loadp. 2
BUR Applicationp. 1
Securing Roof Componentsp. 4
Test Apparatusp. 1
Field Observationsp. 4
Insufficient Datap. 1
Hurricanes And Tornadoesp. 1
Hurricanesp. 4
Tornadoesp. 1
Ballasted Systemsp. 2
Mechanically Fastened Systemsp. 5
Asphalt Shinglesp. 6
performance of Roofing Systems in Hurricane Hugop. 1
Factory Mutual Bulletins And Approval Guidesp. 1
Wind Uplift Field Testing Servicesp. 1
Buildings Designed For Wind Extremesp. 1
Roofing Systems Designed To Exploit Wind'S Effectsp. 1
Workshopsp. 2
Computerized Satellite Weather Servicep. 5
References And Further Readingp. 6
55) Test Methods for Evaluating Roofing Materialsp. 33
Introductionp. 2
Performance Criteria For Roofing Materialsp. 6
Individual Roofing Material Testsp. 1
Accelerated Heat Aging - Xenon-arc and Fluorescent UV-Condensationp. 1
Accelerated Lap Joint Performance Test for Modified Bitumenp. 1
Cone Penetrationp. 1
Puncture Testsp. 1
Thermal Analysisp. 1
Thermo Mechanical Analysisp. 1
Differential Scanning Calorimetryp. 1
Low Temperature Flexibilityp. 1
Granule Embedmentp. 1
Hydrostatic Pressure Resistancep. 2
Load Twist Testp. 1
Wheel Barrow Testp. 1
Wind Uplift Testingp. 1
Heat Stability Testp. 1
Cold Room Testingp. 2
Toughness/Tenacity Testp. 4
Corrosion Testp. 1
Quality Control Testingp. 1
Relevance of Laboratory Test Methods to Actual Field Performancep. 1
Laboratory Equipment And Instrumentationp. 1
Laboratory Certification And Accreditationp. 1
Conclusionp. 2
References And Further Readingp. 4
56) Testing Laboratories and Equipmentp. 47
Introductionp. 1
Testing Laboratoriesp. 1
Management and Guidelinesp. 1
Accreditation Agenciesp. 1
Waste Disposalp. 1
Selected List Of Testing Laboratoriesp. 5
Testing Equipmentp. 1
Chemical Analysisp. 1
Infrared Spectroscopyp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Quantitative Usep. 2
Ultraviolet Spectroscopyp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Quantitative Usep. 1
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometryp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Quantitative Usep. 1
Mass Spectrometryp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Field of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usesp. 1
Quantitative Usep. 1
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometryp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Quantitative Usep. 1
X-Ray Diffractionp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Gas Chromatographyp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Quantitative Usep. 1
Gel Permeation Chromatographyp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Quantitative Usep. 1
Electron Microscopyp. 1
Scope of Methodp. 1
Principle of Methodp. 1
Available Instrumentationp. 1
Fields of Applicationp. 1
Qualitative Usep. 1
Quantitative Usep. 1
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometerp. 6
Accelerated Weathering Apparatusp. 1
Quality Control And Testing During Membrane Manufacturep. 6
Conclusionp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 2
57) International Standards for Roofing Materialsp. 35
Introductionp. 1
Making Good Standards Betterp. 1
International Standards For Single-Ply And Modified Bitumenp. 5
Canadian Government Standards Board (Cgsb)p. 2
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)p. 1
ENGLAND (British Standard - BS)p. 1
GERMANY (Deutche Industrie Normen - DIN)p. 1
SWITERLAND Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects (SIA)p. 1
American National Standards For Safety And Healthp. 3
American Society For Testing And Materials (Astm)p. 1
International Roofing Code Of Practicep. 1
The Users Of International Standards: Ifanp. 1
The History Of Ifanp. 2
A Selection Of National Material Standardsp. 4
Where To Find Standards Publicationsp. 1
Vendors That Sell Standardsp. 1
Resources For Topical Standardsp. 1
Online Indexesp. 1
Multinational Databasesp. 1
International Sources For Astm Standardsp. 1
Conclusionp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 6
58)Performance and Durabilityp. 35
Introductionp. 1
Roof Fundamentalsp. 2
Function of a Roofp. 1
Requirements of a Roofp. 1
Structurep. 1
Aestheticsp. 1
Economyp. 1
Durabilityp. 1
Environmentp. 1
Separation Of Environmentsp. 1
Exterior Exposurep. 1
Rain Penetrationp. 1
Workmanshipp. 1
A Systemic Approach to Performancep. 1
A Realistic Performance for the Roofing Industryp. 1
Current Problemsp. 1
Flat Roof Designp. 1
Flat Roof Performance Criteriap. 1
Strength and Stabilityp. 1
Weather & Rainp. 1
Snowp. 1
Windp. 1
Sunp. 1
Thermal Performancep. 1
Thermal Insulation: The Affect on Performancep. 1
Acoustic Performancep. 1
Airborne Soundp. 1
Impact Soundp. 1
Fire Resistancep. 1
Maintenance, Access & Safetyp. 1
Roof Slope: The Key To Successful Roof Performancep. 1
Why Slope?p. 1
Conclusion: Ponding is Associated with Most Premature Flat Roof Failuresp. 1
Cost Of Flat Roofs: Zero V.S. Two Percent Slopep. 1
Building Onep. 1
Building Twop. 1
Conclusion Concerning Costp. 1
Summaryp. 1
Section II: Performance Of Materialsp. 1
Built-Up Roofing (Bur)p. 1
Performance Specifications v.s. Prescriptive Specificationsp. 1
The Performance Approachp. 1
20 Performance Attributesp. 2
BUR Recommended Performance Criteriap. 3
Conclusionp. 1
Single-Ply Roofing Membranesp. 1
General Performance Requirementsp. 1
Specific Requirementsp. 1
General Material Requirementsp. 1
Thicknessp. 1
Membrane Classificationp. 1
Low Elongation/High Strengthp. 1
Medium Elongation/Low to High Strengthp. 1
High Elongation/Low to Medium Strengthp. 1
Specific Requirementsp. 1
Low-Temperature Load-Elongation Behaviorp. 1
Low Elongation/High Strengthp. 1
Medium Elongation/Low to High Strengthp. 1
High Elongation/Low to Medium Strengthp. 1
Low Temperature Flexibilityp. 1
Heat Agingp. 1
Temperature-Induced Loadp. 1
Dimensional Stabilityp. 1
Water Resistancep. 1
Granule Embedmentp. 1
Metal Foilp. 1
General Application Requirementsp. 1
Specific Requirementsp. 1
Lap Jointsp. 1
Impact and Abrasionp. 1
Flashing Attachmentp. 1
Ballastp. 1
Attachmentp. 1
Chemical Contaminationp. 1
Installation Environmentp. 1
Field Performancep. 1
F.I.T.: A Method Of Determining Performance Levelsp. 1
Fatiguep. 1
Indentationp. 1
Temperaturep. 1
How F.I.T. Worksp. 1
Edpm: A 17 Year Historyp. 1
Background Datap. 1
Important Physical Properties Do Change Upon Exposurep. 1
ASTM and ME-20 Requirementsp. 1
The Long-Term Weatherability of EPDMp. 1
50 years of Exposure for EPDM (MRCA ME-20 Performancep. 1
performance And Durability: Who Says New = Better?p. 2
Concluding Remarksp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 1
59) Service Life Prediction of Roofing Membranesp. 27
Introductionp. 3
Service Life Prediction Using The Siplasteur Slide Rulep. 1
Background Informationp. 5
Interfacial Bond Or Adhesive Forcep. 1
Movement Of The Supporting Surfacep. 1
The Value Of Friction Force Or Adhesionp. 1
The Membrane Value - Amp. 1
Ridging And Creeping Phenomenap. 4
The Circular Slide Rule And Developed Graphsp. 1
Slide Rule Operating Instructions For Flat Roof Deck (T.A.P.)p. 3
Roofing Membrane System Configurations and their Assigned AM Valuesp. 5
Recent Studies On Durability - An Overviewp. 1
Designp. 1
The Quality of Materials and Constructionp. 1
Environmental Factorsp. 1
Periodic Inspection and Maintenancep. 2
References And Further Readingp. 1
60) Inspection of Roofsp. 35
Introductionp. 1
Inspection Purposesp. 1
When To Inspectp. 1
Before, During and After Constructionp. 1
As Routine Maintenancep. 1
Damage Assessmentp. 1
Property Assessment And Legal Disputesp. 1
Roofing Inspectorsp. 3
Inspection Contractsp. 1
Inspection Equipmentp. 2
Inspection Recordsp. 5
Overall Inspection Guidelinesp. 1
Inspection Do'sp. 1
Inspection Don'tsp. 1
Inspection Sequencep. 1
Inspections Upon New Constructionp. 2
Interior Of The Building, New And Existing Roofsp. 2
Inspecting The Roofp. 1
Flashingsp. 1
Drains And Guttersp. 1
Edge Detailsp. 1
Expansion Jointsp. 1
Penetrationsp. 1
Surfacingp. 1
Substrate And Roof Deckp. 1
Leak Tracingp. 2
Summary Of Inspectionp. 1
Summaryp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 2
61 Roofing Problems and Solutionsp. 17
Introductionp. 14
References And Further Readingp. 2
62) Preventive Maintenance and Roof Repairp. 60
Introductionp. 1
Manufacturers' Warranties:p. 1
Maintenance From The Contractor's Viewpoint:p. 1
Maintenance for Commercial Building Roofs:p. 1
General Roof Maintenance:p. 1
Asphalt and Roll Roofing:p. 1
Split Wood Shakes:p. 1
Sawn Wood Shingles:p. 1
Clay Tile and Slate:p. 1
Concrete Tile:p. 1
Steel and Aluminum (Flat and Corrugated):p. 1
Inspection and Maintenance of Flat (Low Slope) Roofs:p. 2
Repair Of Flat Or Low Slope Roofs:p. 3
Built-Up Roofing Repairs:p. 1
Splits:p. 1
Blisters:p. 1
Ridging:p. 1
Punctures:p. 1
Single-Ply System Repairs:p. 1
Identifying The Roofing System Type:p. 2
Repair Procedures for Modified Bitumen Membranes:p. 2
Repair Procedures for Thermoplastic Membranes:p. 2
PIB (Polyisobutylene) Repairs:p. 3
Repair Procedures for Vulcanized (Cured) Elastomeric Membranes:p. 2
Repair Procedures for Non-Vulcanized (Uncured) Neoprene:p. 1
Repair Procedures for Non-Vulcanized (Uncured) CSPE:p. 3
CPE (Chlorinated Polyethylene):p. 1
Materials and Tools for Permanent Single-Ply Repairs:p. 1
Repair Procedures for PUF (Polyurethane Foam) Roofs:p. 1
Procedures for Repair of Roll Roofing:p. 1
Repair Of Sloped Roofs:p. 1
Repair Procedures for Asphalt Shingles:p. 1
Repair Hip Joint Shingles:p. 1
Repair Procedures for Slate and Clay Tiles:p. 1
Repair Procedures for Wood Shake (Cedar):p. 1
Covering Asphalt Shingle, Roll-Roofing, and Tar and Gravel Roofs with Wood Shake (Cedar)p. 1
Repair Procedures for PUF (Sprayed Polyurethane Foam):p. 2
Tools Needed for Repair of PUF Roofs:p. 1
Repair Procedures for Metallic Roofs:p. 1
Repair Procedures for Thatched Roofs:p. 1
Single-Ply Roofs:p. 1
Repair Procedures for Historical, Special, Unique and Exotic Roofs:p. 18
References And Further Readingp. 3
63)Reroofing Guidelinesp. 52
Introductionp. 1
Reroofing is Conceptualp. 1
Inspection firstp. 2
Moisture surveysp. 1
Reroof or Repair?p. 1
Design Improvementsp. 1
Structural Load Requirements and Responsibilityp. 4
Adding A Positive Slope To Flat Roofsp. 1
Recovery, or Tear-off and Replacement?p. 2
Reroofing Planning And Preparation Guidelinesp. 1
Surface Preparationp. 1
Drainage System Considerationsp. 1
Flashingsp. 1
Nailers, Pitch Pockets and Transitionsp. 1
Rooftop equipmentp. 1
Asbestos Roofing Tearoff Alternativesp. 1
Vapor Retardersp. 1
Recover Boards, Separator Boards, Protection Boards and Overlaymentsp. 2
Increasing Thermal Resistancep. 1
Skylightsp. 1
Flues, Chimneys and Exhaust Pipesp. 1
Reroofing Code Requirementsp. 3
Roofing System Selectionp. 1
Acrylic Copolymer Cold-Applied Reinforced Membranes over Existing BURp. 2
Metal Roofing over existing BURp. 1
Attractive Metal Panelsp. 1
PUF Over Existing Roof Coveringsp. 7
Single Plies over BURp. 1
Residential Reroofingp. 1
Reroofing with Asphalt Shinglesp. 1
Asphalt Shingles over Existing Wood Shakep. 1
Asphalt Shingles over Rigid Insulationp. 1
Clay Tile Reroofing Considerationsp. 2
Reroofing with Wood Shakes and Shinglesp. 1
Post-Job Inspectionp. 1
Inform The Owner Of His Responsibilityp. 1
Inform Building Personnel To Be Conscientiousp. 1
Recent Studies On Reroofing - An Overviewp. 6
Remarksp. 2
References And Further Readingp. 6
64) Advice to Building and Home Ownersp. 30
Introductionp. 1
Pre-Planningp. 1
Understanding "The Performance Concept"p. 1
Terms You Should Knowp. 1
A Few Words About Drawingsp. 1
A Few Words About Building Codesp. 1
A Guide to Selecting Your Roofing Contractorp. 4
The Contract!p. 1
Items to be Covered in the Contract -- An Owner's Check Listp. 3
Before You Sign the Contractp. 1
The Owner As Contractorp. 1
Understanding Warrantiesp. 1
Hidden Costs and Chargesp. 1
The Key Questionsp. 1
A Meeting of the Mindsp. 1
Avoiding the Voiding of Warrantiesp. 1
Roof Management Program For Ownersp. 2
Making Emergency Repairsp. 1
Leak Repair Proceduresp. 1
Miscellaneous Advice to Building and Home Ownersp. 1
Understanding Service Agreementsp. 1
Membrane Identificationp. 1
Rooftop Accessp. 1
Roof System Accessp. 1
Do Owners Need a Consultant?p. 3
Conclusionp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 6
65) Roofing System Selection Criteriap. 47
Introductionp. 1
100 Questions To Ask When Selecting A Roofing Systemp. 13
Overviews Of The Decision-Making Processp. 6
The Process Of Membrane Selectionp. 1
Roofing System Selection Criteria For Single-Ply Membranesp. 17
Review Of Literaturep. 2
References And Further Readingp. 6
66) Roofing Application and Workmanshipp. 17
INTRODUCTION: What is Missing From this Picture?p. 1
Workmanshipp. 1
Educationp. 1
Course Subjectsp. 1
Ensuring Participationp. 1
Types Of Courseworkp. 1
Conclusionp. 1
Technology, Communication And Educationp. 2
Site Supervisionp. 1
putting Safety Firstp. 1
Quality Control: Lessons From The Far Eastp. 1
QC in the U.S.A.p. 1
The Way it Can Bep. 1
Nothing Replaces Pride Of Workmanshipp. 7
References And Further Readingp. 1
67) Management, Personnel and Productivityp. 32
Introductionp. 1
Management Seminarsp. 1
Management Toolsp. 1
Listeningp. 1
The Telephonep. 1
Posters and Publicationsp. 1
Computer Technologyp. 1
Marketing Techniquesp. 1
New Roofing Versus Reroofingp. 1
Developing a Planp. 1
Developing a Sales Programp. 1
Pre-Job Conferencesp. 4
Risk Managementp. 1
Operate as a corporationp. 1
Case in pointp. 1
Medical Insurancep. 1
Success-More Than Projects Or Products-Peoplep. 1
Hiring Good Peoplep. 1
Creating Job Descriptionsp. 1
The Interviewp. 1
The Turn Downp. 1
Referencesp. 1
In The Public Eye-Employees On The Jobp. 1
An Example of a Poor Source of Informationp. 1
The Wasted Coffee Breakp. 1
Roofing Advertisementsp. 7
Roofing Anecdotesp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 7
68) Computers in Construction and Roofingp. 50
Introductionp. 1
Why Computerize?p. 1
Word Processingp. 1
"Open" And "Closed" Software Systemsp. 1
"Turnkeys" Or "Menu-Driven" Systemsp. 1
Multi-Tasking/Multi-User Capabilitiesp. 1
Index Files And Database Management Systems (DMSS)p. 1
Selecting Softwarep. 2
10 Tough Questionsp. 3
Electronic Estimation Tools - Spending Time To Save Timep. 1
Parallel Processing During Software Installationp. 2
Construction Software Studyp. 3
Flowchartingp. 1
CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory)p. 1
Data Organization Within The Computerp. 1
Information Servicesp. 1
NRCA Members Talk About Computer Pros And Consp. 1
Good and Bad Softwarep. 1
Thoughts About Estimatingp. 1
Other Commentsp. 1
Marketing And Forecasting Softwarep. 1
Company Developed Marketing Softwarep. 2
Personal Computer (PC) Computer Aided Design (CAD)p. 1
Database Geometryp. 2
Application Software And Third-Party Software Integrationp. 1
Scanning And CD-ROMp. 1
Storing Graphics - Either Bit-Mapping Or Vectoringp. 1
Upgrading Existing Computer Softwarep. 2
The Future Of Computers In Constructionp. 1
Industry-wide Integrityp. 1
Investigation and Developmentp. 1
Market Researchp. 1
Product Testingp. 1
Database Developmentp. 1
Managing Computer Technologyp. 1
Changes in Architectural Design Team Project Managementp. 2
Features Of Some Of The Available Roofing Softwarep. 8
Computerized Roof Maintenancep. 1
Computerized Roofing Specificationsp. 2
References And Further Readingp. 4
69) Safety in Roofingp. 74
Introductionp. 1
Establishing a safety programp. 1
What are the basics of a safety program?p. 2
personal Safetyp. 1
Correct posturep. 1
Using a hammer safelyp. 1
Eye Protectionp. 1
Respiratory Protectionp. 1
Skin Protectionp. 1
protective Clothingp. 2
Findings on Sunburnp. 1
Skin Cancerp. 1
Burn Prevention and Treatmentp. 1
Lung Cancerp. 1
Occupational Safetyp. 1
Generalp. 1
Slips on the Roofp. 1
Falling from the Roofp. 3
Do you know how to lift?p. 2
Roof Removal or Tear-Offp. 2
Equipment Safetyp. 1
Transporting Equipmentp. 1
General Equipment Safetyp. 1
Set-Up and Usagep. 1
Asphalt Tanker Safetyp. 1
Asphalt Kettle Safetyp. 2
Torch Safetyp. 1
Power Tool Safetyp. 1
Powder-Actuated Tool (PAT) Safetyp. 2
PAT Tool Operationp. 1
Ladder Safetyp. 3
Scaffold Safetyp. 1
Conveyor Safetyp. 1
In Case of An Electrical Accidentp. 1
Hoist Safetyp. 1
Fork Lift Safetyp. 1
Safety Equipmentp. 1
Respiratorsp. 1
Sloped Roof Safetyp. 1
Lifelinesp. 1
Guardrailsp. 1
Modified Bitumen Safety Gearp. 1
Safety Devices And Signsp. 1
Fall Arrestersp. 1
Material Safetyp. 1
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)p. 2
Coal Tar Pitchp. 1
Guidelines for the Use of Coal Tar Bitumen and Asphalt in the Installation of Built-Up Roofing Systemsp. 1
Single Ply Solvents and Adhesivesp. 1
Fire Safetyp. 1
Federal Government Health and Safety Agenciesp. 1
Epap. 1
Oshap. 2
Nioshp. 1
Safety Codes And Standardsp. 1
Labor and Environmental Standards Applicable to Built-Up Roofingp. 2
First Aid Measuresp. 1
Amputationp. 1
Bleedingp. 2
Burnsp. 1
Clothing Snagged In Machineryp. 1
ASPHALT or COAL TAR PITCHp. 1
Fallsp. 1
Muscle Strainsp. 1
Shock Treatmentp. 1
Hazardous Compoundsp. 3
Recent Studies On Roofing Safety - An Overviewp. 6
Educational Programs In Safetyp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 10
70) Health and Roofing Practicep. 20
Introductionp. 1
Fitnessp. 1
Smokingp. 2
Misleading Advertizingp. 1
Doing Your Partp. 1
Facts About Smokingp. 2
Smoking Educationp. 1
Alcohol And Drugsp. 4
Compliance and Legalityp. 2
Drug Testingp. 1
Starting a Testing Programp. 1
Drug Testing and Controversyp. 2
References And Further Readingp. 3
71) Guarantees, Warranties Economy and Liabilityp. 50
Legal Liability During Roofing Constructionp. 1
Applicator Agreementsp. 1
Guaranteesp. 1
Surety Bondsp. 2
What is a 20-Year Bonded Roof?p. 2
Mechanic's Liensp. 2
Liability And The Roofing Contractorp. 1
Subcontracts and Construction Disputesp. 1
Proper documentation can save your businessp. 4
Change ordersp. 1
Subcontractors are able to make claims against ownersp. 2
Arbitration versus litigationp. 2
Liability Insurancep. 1
Property Insurancep. 1
Product Liabilityp. 5
FRT Plywood Failure Liabilityp. 1
Manufacturer Warrantiesp. 1
Environmental Liabilitiesp. 1
ECONOMY: PRESENT COST vs LIFE-CYCLE COSTINGp. 5
Advantages, Limitations & Recommended Applications for Life-Cycle Costingp. 2
Other Aspects Of Life Cycle Costingp. 3
Cost effectiveness in materials productionp. 2
References And Further Readingp. 10
72) Asbestosp. 39
Introductionp. 1
Abbreviationsp. 1
Forms And Properties Of Asbestosp. 1
Some silicates can crystallize as asbestos fibersp. 1
Health Hazards And Effectsp. 3
Government Regulations And Legislationp. 1
Asbestos Educationp. 1
Abatement Services And Consultationp. 4
Asbestos Use In Roofing And Constructionp. 2
Asbestos In The Homep. 5
Institutional Use Of Asbestosp. 1
Contractor'S Licensing, Liability, And Insurancep. 1
Asbestos Substitutes In Roofingp. 1
Asbestos Ply Sheetsp. 1
Flashing Materialsp. 1
Coatings And Masticsp. 1
Resaturantsp. 1
Mastic Materialsp. 1
Coatingsp. 1
Summary Of Substitutesp. 1
Summary And Conclusionp. 3
Asbestos In Canadap. 7
References And Further Readingp. 5
73) Roofing Tools and Equipmentp. 92
Introductionp. 1
General Application & Miscellaneous Roofing Equipmentp. 1
Material Handling - Heavy Equipmentp. 9
Cranesp. 1
Hoistsp. 4
Small Enginesp. 2
Hand-Operated Power Toolsp. 1
Electric Power Tool Maintenancep. 3
Gas Power Tool Maintenancep. 1
Hand Operated Tools And Equipment - Manual Toolsp. 1
Laddersp. 1
Utility Beltsp. 1
Ultrasonic measuring tapep. 1
Wheel Barrowp. 1
Knee and Hip Padsp. 2
Built-Up Roofing Equipmentp. 1
Asphalt melting kettlesp. 3
Cotton and Fiberglass Mopsp. 2
Mop Buckets, Bails and Cartsp. 2
Aggregate Spreadersp. 2
Insulation Equipmentp. 1
Blowing Machinesp. 5
Insulation Blower Hosesp. 2
Insulation Spray Equipmentp. 1
Rigid Insulation Cutting Machinesp. 1
Polyurethane Roofing Equipmentp. 4
Spray Equipment For Cold Applied Liquid Membranes And Coatingsp. 2
Hoses and Spray Tipsp. 1
Maintenancep. 1
Equipment Selectionp. 1
Granuling Equipmentp. 1
Reroofing Equipmentp. 1
REROOFING EQUIPMENT - Residential Roofing Surface Preparationp. 1
Roofing Spuddersp. 2
REROOFING EQUIPMENT - Commercial Roofing Surface Preparationp. 1
Water Removalp. 2
Debris Removalp. 1
Power sweeper maintenancep. 2
Vacuumsp. 2
Shingles & Shake Roofing Equipmentp. 1
Single-Ply Roofing Equipmentp. 1
Weldersp. 6
SINGLE-PLY - Hand toolsp. 4
MODIFIED BITUMEN - Torchesp. 1
MODIFIED BITUMEN - Hand Toolsp. 1
Self adhering and hot mopped modified bitumenp. 1
Slate & Tile Roofing Equipmentp. 1
Standing Seam, Sheet Metal & Roll Forming Equipmentp. 4
Roofing Tools and Equipment Manufacturers and Suppliersp. 11
References And Further Readingp. 4
74) Organizations and Establishments Related to Roofingp. 8
75) Roofing Publications, Training and Educationp. 54
Introductionp. 1
Published Books On Roofingp. 7
Periodicals & Trade Magazines Relevant To Roofingp. 2
A Roofing Libraryp. 17
Training, Educational Courses And Seminars On Roofingp. 2
Courses, Training Seminars And Audiovisualsp. 1
P.R.I.D.E. Manualp. 1
NRCA Publicationsp. 2
NRCA Audiovisualsp. 2
Architectural Design Competitionsp. 1
The Roofing Industry Educational Institute (RIEI)p. 3
Modified Bitumen Application Training (CERTA)p. 1
Asbestos Abatement Training Coursesp. 1
Roofing-Related Training And Educational Opportunitiesp. 2
United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers & Allied Workersp. 5
Viewing The Trade Show As An Educational Opportunityp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 6
76) Roofing Statistics and Surveysp. 7
Introductionp. 3
A 17 Billion Dollar Industry!p. 3
References And Further Readingp. 1
77) U.S. Roofing Statisticsp. 65
Table of Statistical Data/Findingsp. 2
Legend for Statistical Referencesp. 58
References And Further Readingp. 4
78) International Roofing Statisticsp. 7
Table of Statistical Data/Findingsp. 6
References And Further Readingp. 1
79) Future Trends in Roofingp. 47
Introductionp. 1
Section Ip. 1
Trends in Roof Systemsp. 1
Recyclingp. 2
Recycling BUR Membranesp. 1
Recycling Asphalt Shinglesp. 1
Recycling Insulationsp. 1
Recycling Single-Plyp. 1
Recycling and System Selectionp. 1
Volatile Organic Compoundsp. 1
Regulations and Disposal Guidelinesp. 1
Regulatory Issuesp. 1
Wider Application of Performance Standardsp. 1
Warranty Trendsp. 1
Trends In The Work Forcep. 1
A Demand for Higher Skillsp. 1
Be Preparedp. 1
The Global Marketp. 2
The European Organization For Testing And Certificationp. 1
Overcoming Barriersp. 1
Construction Productsp. 2
Section IIp. 1
Bi-Functional Photovoltaic Single-Ply Membranep. 1
Introductionp. 1
Scientific Principles Of Photovoltaic (PV)p. 1
Historical Backgroundp. 5
Parameters of PV Successp. 1
Harnessing the Sun: From Foe to Friendp. 2
The Development of Photovoltaic Single-Plyp. 2
PV and Single-Ply Materials Compatibilityp. 1
Application of Single-Ply Photovoltaic Membranesp. 4
Design Criteria for Bi-functional PVSP Roof Systemsp. 1
pVSPM (PV-Single Ply Roofing Membranes) and Durabilityp. 1
Major Advantages of PVSPMp. 1
Life-Cycle Cost Advantages of Bi-Functional PVSPp. 3
Future Trendsp. 3
A Glossary Of Photovoltaic Termsp. 7
Application of PV Single-Ply Roofing Membranesp. 1
Photovoltaics Budget Recommendationsp. 1
References And Further Readingp. 2
80) Glossary of Terms and Abbreviationsp. 99
References And Further Readingp. 2